Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat in India

Facts and Data

Basis Data:
Unesco World heritage since: 2014
Size of heritage: 4.68 ha
- Buffer zone: 125 ha

Coordinates:
Longitude: 72,102°
Latitude: 23,859°

Summary

Rani-ki-Vav, on the banks of the Saraswati River, was initially built as a memorial to a king in the 11th century AD. Stepwells are a distinctive form of subterranean water resource and storage systems on the Indian subcontinent, and have been constructed since the 3rd millennium BC. They evolved over time from what was basically a pit in sandy soil towards elaborate multi-storey works of art and architecture. Rani-ki-Vav was built at the height of craftsmens’ ability in stepwell construction and the Maru-Gurjara architectural style, reflecting mastery of this complex technique and great beauty of detail and proportions. Designed as an inverted temple highlighting the sanctity of water, it is divided into seven levels of stairs with sculptural panels of high artistic quality; more than 500 principle sculptures and over a thousand minor ones combine religious, mythological and secular imagery, often referencing literary works. The fourth level is the deepest and leads into a rectangular tank 9.5 m by 9.4 m, at a depth of 23 m. The well is located at the westernmost end of the property and consists of a shaft 10 m in diameter and 30 m deep.

Location on Map

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Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat

Rani-ki-Vav, also known as the Queen’s Stepwell, is a magnificent UNESCO World Heritage site located in Patan, Gujarat, India. This architectural marvel is a testament to the rich cultural heritage and engineering prowess of ancient India. The stepwell is situated at coordinates N23 51 32 E72 6 6 and is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts and architecture aficionados.

History

Rani-ki-Vav was built during the 11th century AD by Queen Udayamati in memory of her husband, King Bhimdev I of the Solanki dynasty. The stepwell served as a multi-purpose structure, primarily functioning as a water storage system and a place for social gatherings. It was also a site for religious ceremonies and rituals.

The construction of Rani-ki-Vav showcases the architectural brilliance of the era. The stepwell is adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures, depicting various mythological and religious themes. The sculptures depict gods, goddesses, celestial beings, and scenes from Hindu epics like the Mahabharata and Ramayana. The stepwell also features numerous ornate pillars, galleries, and pavilions, adding to its grandeur.

Over time, Rani-ki-Vav was gradually buried under layers of silt and sand due to flooding from the nearby Saraswati River. It remained hidden for centuries until its rediscovery in the 1940s. Extensive restoration efforts were undertaken to uncover and preserve this architectural gem, and in 2014, it was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Current State

Today, Rani-ki-Vav stands as a magnificent example of ancient Indian architecture and engineering. The stepwell is a seven-story structure, extending approximately 64 meters in length and 27 meters in width. It descends to a depth of over 23 meters, showcasing a remarkable feat of construction and design.

The intricate carvings on the walls of Rani-ki-Vav are a sight to behold. The sculptures depict various deities, including Vishnu, Brahma, Shiva, and numerous goddesses. The detailing and precision of the carvings are awe-inspiring, showcasing the skill and craftsmanship of the artisans of that era.

Visitors to Rani-ki-Vav can explore the stepwell through a series of steps that lead down to the water level. As they descend, they are treated to a visual feast of sculptures and carvings, each telling a story or conveying a message. The stepwell also features a number of pillared pavilions and galleries, providing resting spots and shelter from the scorching sun.

The site is well-maintained, with efforts made to preserve and protect the delicate carvings from weathering and erosion. Visitors can learn about the history and significance of Rani-ki-Vav through informative displays and guided tours. The stepwell attracts tourists from all over the world, who marvel at its architectural splendor and historical significance.

In conclusion, Rani-ki-Vav, the Queen’s Stepwell at Patan, Gujarat, is a remarkable UNESCO World Heritage site that showcases the architectural brilliance of ancient India. Its intricate carvings, sculptures, and engineering marvels make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history and culture.

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