State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv”
Unesco World Heritage

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State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv” in Turkmenistan (Mary Vilayet)

The State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv” is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in the Mary Vilayet of Turkmenistan. It is one of the most significant archaeological sites in Central Asia and holds immense historical and cultural value. The park encompasses the remains of the ancient city of Merv, which was once a major center of trade and culture along the Silk Road.

History

Ancient Merv has a rich and diverse history that spans over 4,000 years. It was originally founded in the 6th century BCE and served as an important oasis city along the Silk Road. Over the centuries, it grew in size and prosperity, becoming a bustling metropolis and a melting pot of different cultures and civilizations.

During its peak, Merv was a center of learning, art, and commerce. It was ruled by various empires, including the Achaemenids, Parthians, Sassanids, and the Abbasid Caliphate. The city flourished under the Abbasid rule and became one of the largest and wealthiest cities in the world during the 9th and 10th centuries CE.

However, Merv's prosperity was not to last. The city was repeatedly sacked and destroyed by Mongol invasions in the 13th century, leading to its decline and eventual abandonment. Today, the remains of the ancient city provide a glimpse into its glorious past and the architectural and cultural achievements of its inhabitants.

Current State

The State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv” covers an area of approximately 1,200 hectares and is divided into five main archaeological zones. These zones include the Erk Kala, Gyaur Kala, Sultan Kala, Abdullah Khan Kala, and Bayram Ali Khan Kala.

The Erk Kala is the oldest part of the city and contains the remains of the ancient fortress. It is characterized by its massive walls and defensive structures. The Gyaur Kala, also known as the "Citadel of Infidels," was a Zoroastrian and Buddhist religious center. It features the remains of temples, palaces, and other religious structures.

The Sultan Kala is the largest zone and was the heart of the medieval city. It contains the remains of mosques, mausoleums, and other architectural wonders. The Abdullah Khan Kala and Bayram Ali Khan Kala are smaller zones that were developed during the 16th and 17th centuries.

Today, the State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv” is a popular tourist destination and attracts visitors from around the world. The site is meticulously preserved and maintained by the Turkmenistan government, with ongoing archaeological excavations and restoration projects.

Visitors to Ancient Merv can explore the ancient ruins, walk along the city walls, and marvel at the intricate architectural details. The site offers a unique opportunity to witness the historical and cultural significance of Merv and its role in shaping the civilizations of Central Asia.

In recognition of its outstanding universal value, the State Historical and Cultural Park “Ancient Merv” was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1999. It stands as a testament to the rich history and cultural heritage of Turkmenistan and serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving our shared human legacy.