Summary
Located well above the Arctic Circle, the site includes the mountainous Wrangel Island (7,608 km2), Herald Island (11 km2) and surrounding waters. Wrangel was not glaciated during the Quaternary Ice Age, resulting in exceptionally high levels of biodiversity for this region. The island boasts the world’s largest population of Pacific walrus and the highest density of ancestral polar bear dens. It is a major feeding ground for the grey whale migrating from Mexico and the northernmost nesting ground for 100 migratory bird species, many endangered. Currently, 417 species and subspecies of vascular plants have been identified on the island, double that of any other Arctic tundra territory of comparable size and more than any other Arctic island. Some species are derivative of widespread continental forms, others are the result of recent hybridization, and 23 are endemic.
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Introduction
The Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve, located in the Chukot Autonomous Area of Russia, is a UNESCO World Heritage site renowned for its exceptional natural beauty and biodiversity. This reserve encompasses Wrangel Island and the surrounding waters, forming a unique ecosystem that has remained largely untouched by human activity. With a rich history and a current state of preservation, this site is a testament to the importance of conservation efforts.
History
Wrangel Island has a fascinating history that dates back thousands of years. It was first inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Chukchi and Yupik, who relied on the island's resources for their survival. In the early 20th century, the island became a base for fur traders, leading to the decline of several animal populations.
Recognizing the need for conservation, the Soviet Union established the Wrangel Island State Nature Reserve in 1976. This reserve aimed to protect the island's unique flora and fauna, including the critically endangered polar bear population. In 2004, the reserve was expanded and renamed the Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve, encompassing not only the island but also the surrounding marine areas.
Current State
The Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve is currently in a well-preserved state, thanks to the dedicated efforts of conservationists and the strict regulations in place. The reserve covers an area of approximately 2,900 square kilometers, with the island itself spanning over 7,600 square kilometers.
The reserve is home to a remarkable array of wildlife, making it a haven for biodiversity. It is estimated that over 400 species of plants and 100 species of birds can be found on Wrangel Island. Notably, the island serves as a crucial breeding ground for several migratory bird species, including the snow goose and the Pacific brant.
One of the most iconic inhabitants of the reserve is the polar bear. Wrangel Island is home to the world's largest population of these magnificent creatures, with around 300 individuals residing on the island. The reserve provides a vital habitat for the bears, offering them protection and ensuring their survival.
In addition to the polar bears, the reserve supports a diverse range of other mammals, such as Arctic foxes, reindeer, and muskoxen. The marine areas surrounding the island are teeming with marine life, including whales, seals, and walruses.
To preserve the delicate balance of this unique ecosystem, access to the Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve is strictly regulated. Only a limited number of researchers and tourists are allowed to visit each year, and they must adhere to strict guidelines to minimize their impact on the environment.
Conclusion
The Natural System of Wrangel Island Reserve in Russia's Chukot Autonomous Area is a UNESCO World Heritage site of immense ecological importance. With its rich history and exceptional biodiversity, this reserve serves as a testament to the significance of conservation efforts. By protecting this unique ecosystem, we ensure the survival of its iconic inhabitants, such as the polar bears, and contribute to the preservation of our planet's natural heritage.
