Fort Jesus, Mombasa in Kenya

Facts and Data

Basis Data:
Unesco World heritage since: 2011
Size of heritage: 2.36 ha
- Buffer zone: 31 ha

Coordinates:
Longitude: 39,679°
Latitude: -3,937°

Summary

The Fort, built by the Portuguese in 1593-1596 to the designs of Giovanni Battista Cairati to protect the port of Mombasa, is one of the most outstanding and well preserved examples of 16th Portuguese military fortification and a landmark in the history of this type of construction. The Fort's layout and form reflected the Renaissance ideal that perfect proportions and geometric harmony are to be found in the human body. The property covers an area of 2.36 hectares and includes the fort's moat and immediate surroundings.

Location on Map

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Fort Jesus, Mombasa: A Historic UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kenya

Fort Jesus, located in Mombasa, Kenya, is a UNESCO World Heritage site that holds immense historical and cultural significance. This magnificent fortress stands as a testament to the rich and diverse history of the East African coast, serving as a symbol of the region's colonial past and its strategic importance in the Indian Ocean trade routes.

History

Fort Jesus was constructed by the Portuguese in the late 16th century, between 1593 and 1596, under the orders of King Philip I. The fort was strategically positioned on a coral ridge overlooking the entrance to the Old Port of Mombasa, providing the Portuguese with control over the trade routes and protection against potential invaders.

Over the centuries, Fort Jesus witnessed numerous battles and changing hands between different colonial powers. The fort was captured by the Omani Arabs in 1698, who held control until the British Empire took over in 1895. During this time, the fort was used as a military stronghold, a prison, and a customs house.

Architecture and Design

The architecture of Fort Jesus is a unique blend of European, Arab, and Swahili influences. The fort's design reflects the military strategies of the time, with its intricate system of bastions, moats, and underground passages. The coral stone walls, up to 18 meters high, are a testament to the skilled craftsmanship of the Portuguese builders.

Inside the fort, visitors can explore various structures, including the Main Gate, the Omani House, the Portuguese Chapel, and the Museum. The Museum houses a vast collection of artifacts, including pottery, weapons, and navigational instruments, providing insights into the region's history and the fort's role in the Indian Ocean trade.

Current State

Today, Fort Jesus stands as a well-preserved historical site, attracting both local and international visitors. Its UNESCO World Heritage status ensures its protection and conservation for future generations. The fort offers guided tours, educational programs, and cultural events, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the rich history and cultural heritage of the region.