Facts and Data

Webpages:
Official Unesco Page
Protectedplanet.net

Basis Data:
Unesco World heritage since: 2012
Size of heritage: 795,315 ha

Coordinates:
Longitude: 77,250°
Latitude: 8,530°

Summary

Older than the Himalaya mountains, the mountain chain of the Western Ghats represents geomorphic features of immense importance with unique biophysical and ecological processes. The site’s high montane forest ecosystems influence the Indian monsoon weather pattern. Moderating the tropical climate of the region, the site presents one of the best examples of the monsoon system on the planet. It also has an exceptionally high level of biological diversity and endemism and is recognized as one of the world’s eight ‘hottest hotspots’ of biological diversity. The forests of the site include some of the best representatives of non-equatorial tropical evergreen forests anywhere and are home to at least 325 globally threatened flora, fauna, bird, amphibian, reptile and fish species.

Location on Map


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Introduction

The Western Ghats is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in India, spanning over six states along the western coast of the country. This magnificent mountain range is not only a natural wonder but also holds immense cultural and ecological significance. With a rich history and diverse ecosystem, the Western Ghats is a treasure trove of biodiversity and a haven for nature enthusiasts.

History

The Western Ghats have a history that dates back millions of years. Geologists believe that these mountains were formed during the break-up of the supercontinent Gondwana around 150 million years ago. Over time, the Ghats have witnessed the rise and fall of ancient civilizations, including the Mauryas, Cholas, and the Vijayanagara Empire.

Throughout history, the Western Ghats have been a crucial trade route, connecting the Arabian Sea coast with the Deccan Plateau. The Ghats were also known for their rich biodiversity, attracting explorers and naturalists from around the world.

Current State

The Western Ghats is a UNESCO World Heritage site since 2012, recognized for its outstanding universal value. It covers an area of approximately 160,000 square kilometers and is home to numerous national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and reserved forests.

The Ghats are renowned for their exceptional biodiversity, with over 7,402 species of flowering plants, 139 mammal species, 508 bird species, and 179 amphibian species. It is also home to several endangered species, including the Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, and Nilgiri tahr.

The Western Ghats play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance of the region. They act as a barrier to the southwest monsoon winds, resulting in high rainfall and supporting the growth of lush forests. These forests, in turn, help in water conservation, carbon sequestration, and soil erosion prevention.

However, the Western Ghats face several challenges in the present day. Deforestation, encroachment, and illegal mining pose significant threats to the fragile ecosystem. Additionally, the construction of dams and infrastructure projects has led to the displacement of indigenous communities and disrupted the natural flow of rivers.

Conservation Efforts

Recognizing the importance of preserving this unique ecosystem, various conservation efforts have been undertaken. The Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel, appointed by the Government of India, has recommended the establishment of the Western Ghats Ecology Authority to oversee conservation activities.

Several national parks and wildlife sanctuaries have been established within the Western Ghats, such as the Silent Valley National Park, Periyar Tiger Reserve, and Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary. These protected areas help in safeguarding the diverse flora and fauna of the region.

Furthermore, local communities and non-governmental organizations are actively involved in conservation initiatives, promoting sustainable practices and raising awareness about the importance of preserving the Western Ghats.

Conclusion

The Western Ghats is a remarkable UNESCO World Heritage site that showcases the beauty and ecological significance of India's natural landscapes. With its rich history, diverse wildlife, and breathtaking landscapes, the Ghats continue to captivate visitors and researchers alike. However, it is crucial to prioritize conservation efforts and sustainable practices to ensure the long-term preservation of this invaluable heritage site.