Chad
Country Guide

Explore Chad

Chad with its capital N'Djamena is located in Africa (Central Africa, south of Libya). It covers some 1,284,001 square kilometers (almost nine times the size of New York state) with a population of 12,076,000. French and Arabic are the languages spoken by people in Chad. Cameroon, Central African Republic, Libya, Niger, Nigeria and Sudan are bordering countries.

Chad is currently experiencing political turmoil and the UK and US governments advise against all but essential travel to Chad. Anywhere outside the capital, N'Djamena, is highly dangerous, especially in the north—where a special travel permit is necessary.
Chad is a country in the Sahel, south of Libya, east of Niger and Cameroon. Broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the remains of an immense lake that occupied 330,000 km² of the Chadian Basin 7,000 years ago. Although in the 21st century it covers only 17,806 km², the lake is Africa's second largest wetland.

Popular Destinations in Chad

Administrative regions of Chad

• Barh el Gazel Region
• Batha Region
• Borkou Region
• Chari-Baguirmi Region
• Ennedi-Est Region
• Ennedi-Ouest Region
• Guera Region
• Hadjer-Lamis Region
• Kanem Region
• Lac Region
• Logone Occidental Region
• Logone Oriental Region
• Mandoul Region
• Mayo-Kebbi Est Region
• Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Region
• Moyen-Chari Region
• NDjamena Region
• Ouadai Region
• Salamat Region
• Sila Region
• Tandjile Region
• Tibesti Region
• Wadi Fira Region

About the country

The topography is broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south. The average density of population is about 9 per km². The climate in Chad can be described as tropical in south, desert in north. Potential natural disasters are hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north, locust plagues and periodic droughts.

To reach someone Chad dial +235 prior to a number. The local cellular networks are operated on 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 4G. Websites typically end with the top level domain ".td". If you want to bring electric appliances (e.g. battery chaarger), keep in min the local 220 V - 50 Hz (plugs: C, D, E, F). The sign for the locally used currency Franc is XAF.

Three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow (gold) of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; gold represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice.

Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before peace was restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and insurgents. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. In late 2015, the government imposed a state of emergency in the Lake Chad region following multiple attacks by the terrorist group Boko Haram throughout the year; Boko Haram also launched several bombings in N'Djamena in mid-2015. DEBY in 2016 was reelected to his fifth term in an election that was peaceful but flawed. In December 2015, Chad completed a two-year rotation on the UN Security Council. In January 2017, DEBY completed a one-year term as President of the African Union.

Geography

Area
Total (World Rank: 22)	1,284,000	sq km
Land (World Rank: 22)	1,259,200	sq km
Water (World Rank: 22)	24,800	sq km
Forest (World Rank: 44)	35.70	%
Comparative	almost nine times the size of New York state; slightly more than three times the size of California
Landborder
6406
Elevation
Lowest point (World Rank: 20)	160	m
Highest point (World Rank: 56)	3,445	m
Agricultural land
Total (World Rank: 108)	39.60	%
Arable (World Rank: 159)	3.90	%
Permanent pastures (World Rank: 44)	35.70	%
Irrigated land (World Rank: 124)	300	sq km
Map reference
Africa
Environment
Issues	- desertification - improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution - inadequate supplies of potable water
Agreement party	- Biodiversity - Climate Change - Desertification - Endangered Species - Hazardous Wastes - Ozone Layer Protection - Wetlands
Agreement signed	- Law of the Sea - Marine Dumping
Hazzards	- hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north - locust plagues - periodic droughts
Location
Central Africa, south of Libya
Climate
tropical in south, desert in north
Terrain
broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south

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People

Population
Total (World Rank: 75)	12,076,000
Deathrate (World Rank: 7)	1.38	%
Birthrate (World Rank: 17)	3.56	%
Growthrate (World Rank: 53)	1.86	%
Migration rate (World Rank: 143)	-0.32	%
Fertility rate (World Rank: 27)	4.34	%
Median age
Male (World Rank: 217)	16.80
Female (World Rank: 205)	18.80
Age structure
0 14 male (World Rank: 66)	2,634,820
0 14 female (World Rank: 67)	2,560,790
15 24 male (World Rank: 72)	1,267,940
15 24 female (World Rank: 69)	1,324,120
25 54 male (World Rank: 101)	1,574,780
25 54 female (World Rank: 89)	1,881,180
55 64 male (World Rank: 114)	206,627
55 64 female (World Rank: 103)	261,586
65 x male (World Rank: 116)	150,364
65 x female (World Rank: 112)	213,777
Health
Infant mortality rate (World Rank: 5)	8.54	%
Life expectancy total (World Rank: 221)	51	years
Life expectancy female (World Rank: 220)	52	years
Life expectancy male (World Rank: 220)	49	years
Physicians per 1000 (World Rank: 176)	0.04
Sanitation access total (World Rank: 204)	12.10	%
Obesity adult (World Rank: 170)	6.10	%
Drinking water access (World Rank: 202)	50.80	%

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Energy

Electricity
Production (World Rank: 182)	215,000,000	kWh
Consumption (World Rank: 187)	200,000,000	kWh
Source fossil (World Rank: 13)	100.00	%
Crude oil
Production (World Rank: 40)	110,200	bbl / day
Exports (World Rank: 36)	105,000	bbl / day
Proved reserves (World Rank: 40)	1,500,000,000	bbl
Refined products
Consumption (World Rank: 191)	2,200	bbl / day
Import (World Rank: 185)	2,215	bbl / day
Natural gas
Consumption (World Rank: 122)	29	m³
Carbon footprint
300000

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Nation

Budget
Education (World Rank: 139)	3	% of GDP
Military (World Rank: 32)	3	% of GDP
Health (World Rank: 171)	4	% of GDP
Surplus (World Rank: 146)	-5	% of GDP
National symbol
lion
National colours
yellow
Adjective
Chadian
Noun
Chadian(s)
Background
Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of civil warfare, as well as invasions by Libya, before peace was restored in 1990. The government eventually drafted a democratic constitution and held flawed presidential elections in 1996 and 2001. In 1998, a rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which has sporadically flared up despite several peace agreements between the government and insurgents. In June 2005, President Idriss DEBY held a referendum successfully removing constitutional term limits and won another controversial election in 2006. Sporadic rebel campaigns continued throughout 2006 and 2007. The capital experienced a significant insurrection in early 2008, but has had no significant rebel threats since then, in part due to Chad's 2010 rapprochement with Sudan, which previously used Chadian rebels as proxies. In late 2015, the government imposed a state of emergency in the Lake Chad region following multiple attacks by the terrorist group Boko Haram throughout the year; Boko Haram also launched several bombings in N'Djamena in mid-2015. DEBY in 2016 was reelected to his fifth term in an election that was peaceful but flawed. In December 2015, Chad completed a two-year rotation on the UN Security Council. In January 2017, DEBY completed a one-year term as President of the African Union.
Flag description
three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow (gold) of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; gold represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice

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Economy

Gdp
Purchasing power parity (World Rank: 134)	28,960,000,000	USD
Real growth rate (World Rank: 211)	-6.40	%
Per capita purchasing power parity (World Rank: 197)	2,400	USD
Source agriculture (World Rank: 4)	57.80	%
Source industry (World Rank: 184)	13.90	%
Source service (World Rank: 221)	28.30	%
Labourforce
Total (World Rank: 74)	5,443,000
In poverty (World Rank: 25)	46.70	%
Products
Industries	- brewing - cigarettes - construction materials - cotton textiles - natron - oil - soap - sodium carbonate
Agriculture	- camels - cassava - cattle - corn - cotton - goats - manioc - millet - onions - peanuts - potatoes - rice - sesame - sheep - sorghum - tapioca
Exports	- cotton - gum arabic - livestock - oil - sesame - shea butter
Imports	- foodstuffs - industrial goods - machinery - textiles - transportation equipment

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Communication

Phone
Landline total (World Rank: 185)	14,000
Landline per 100 (World Rank: 212)	1.00
Mobile per 100 (World Rank: 200)	53.00
Assessment	0
Internet
Users (World Rank: 144)	592,623
Population (World Rank: 216)	5.00	%

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Transport

Air
Airports paved (World Rank: 120)	9.00
Airports unpaved (World Rank: 60)	50.00
Road
Total length (World Rank: 88)	40,000

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